THE LOTTERY THAT JABBIR INVENTED HAD TWO PARTS (JABBIR IBN HAYYAN) Part ii

 THE LOTTERY THAT JABBIR INVENTED HAD TWO PARTS (JABBIR IBN HAYYAN) 

Part-ii

He wrote a detailed and thought-provoking essay on Jabbir’s circumstances and writings in the January 1925 issue of the journal Science Progress, and argued that Jabbir was the same person whom scholars in Latin call Geber. He also wrote that all the books attributed to Gaber's name are translations of the books of this famous, proud, single-minded Iraqi author. Could be Literature in favor of Bertha Lot was published for a hundred years, but still no one was able to prove his false claim. He also wrote that all the books attributed to Gaber are translations of the books of this famous, proud, single-minded Iraqi author. Scholars then set out on a quest to find books or manuscripts that would substantiate this assumption. Literature in favor of Bertha Lotte continued to be published for over a hundred years, but no one was able to substantiate her claim

Authors:

Jabbir was not only a chemist but also possessed power over various sciences and arts. Every aspect of his personality added four moons to his greatness and fame. Apart from alchemy, Jabbir was a master of the fields of philosophy, mathematics, medicine and wisdom, rationality, astronomy and astronomy, physics, physiology, magic and sorcery. Zakaria al-Razi wrote many of Jabbir’s books.

Jabbir was a researcher of chemistry and inventor of numerous chemical compounds. He authored more than 100 masterpieces on alchemy and published pamphlets. The list of which Ibn Al-Nadim has given in his book Afaq Kitab. His translated books include Kitab al-Mulk (Book of kingdom) and Kitab al-Riyadh (Book of balance) and Book of Eastern Mercury in English.

The translator of these three books was the European scholar M. Berthelot. According to Professor Hatti, Jabbir Ibn Hayyan's books had a profound effect on the science of chemistry in Europe and Asia. His book Alchemy was translated into Latin by Robert of Chester in 1144. The Book of the Seventh was translated by Gerard of Cremona in 1187. This book mentions 70 chemical techniques. Jabir was the scientific advisor of Caliph Harun al-Rashid for whom he wrote the book Al-Zahra.

He used steganography in such a secret language in the book Al-Ahjar that only a person who is a Buddhist in alchemy can understand the things given in it. He used symbols in the book, the literal meaning of which is difficult to know. The book Al-Arba'een covers all the theoretical and esoteric sciences in the light of its philosophical basis.

Jabbir Mystery of Alchemy was translated into Latin in the thirteenth century, Summa perfectionism magisteri. According to George Sarton, the book became so popular in medieval Europe that it soon became a textbook for alchemy. The book was written in such simple words that a book like this could not be written for many centuries. It was first printed in modern press from Rome in 1481. The first Italian translation of the book was made in 1510, based on a draft of the book in the Vatican (Italy). The book was published in Leiden (Netherlands) in 1685 and by Danzig in 1682. Latin translations of Jabbir’s four books were also published in one volume.

That is:

·         Jabbir invented a number of chemical terms that later became part of scientific                 terminology in several European languages.

·       Jabbir was the first chemist to say that metals differ from each other because of their        different sulfur and mercury ratios. Many technical terms in alchemy have Persian     names, such as Zebak (Mercury) and Naushadr (Sal Ammonic).

This shows that Iranian alchemists also had a hand in the development of medieval alchemy. German scholar Ruska Ruska says that the first person to experiment with Alzheimer's was Arius, a native of Iran. Iris said that man has the ability to imitate the works of nature.

            Holmyard, a Western writer, says that Jabbir has the same importance and place in the history of alchemy as the British chemist Robert Boyle and the French scientist Antoine Lavoisier. Max Meyerhof says: Berthelot, a French researcher and author, objected that Jabbir’s books did not contain prescriptions for making material objects. Prof. Ahmad Hassan, after a careful study of 59 manuscripts of Jabir's books, said that this is a completely misrepresentation. It contained prescriptions for dyeing glass, making artificial pearls and improving their color, as well as prescriptions for a number of industrial products. Kitab al-Khawas al-Kabeer contained prescriptions for various chemicals and products, such as extracting salt from seawater, casting it with a steel tripod, making ginger cinnabar, cosmetic prescriptions such as removing hair from the body, and scalp hair. Gold coloring, coloring the bride's hands with different colors, making varnishes and paints and water proofing, making different colored inks.

The following books by Jabbir are available in the US National Library of Medicine, Maryland: Kitab al-Malagham al-Awal, al-Thani, al-Thalis, Tafsir Kitab al-Malagham, Kitab al-Tadabir, Kitab al-Mawazan, Kitab al-Asool, Kitab al-Sar-e-Sar-ul-Israr, Muntakhab min Kitab al-Ittihad Kitab al-Wahid, Kitab Tafsir al-Khamair, Kitab al-Bahir, Kitab al-Sha'r, Kitab al-Khamair al-Thalat, Kitab al-Khalis al-Mubarak NLM,NIH<GOV/hmd/ arabic. The books written by Muslim scholars on the subject of chemistry have been described by Professor Nasr in his book Islamic Science. Ibn Wahshiyah Kitab Usul Al-Kabeer, Ibn Muskawa's books, Abu Muslimah Majriti Ratbat Al-Hakim and Ghayat Al-Hakim (this is a different scientist from Abu Al-Qasim Majriti), Abu Al-Qasim Kushiri, Abu Al-Hasan Jayani Shazur Al-Dhahab , Abu al-Qasim Iraqi Kitab al-Ilm al-Muktasib fi Ziyadat al-Dhahab, Izz al-Din Ida Moor volume of Nahayat al-Talib Sharh al-Ilm al-Muktasab.